Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

C Y N ( 302 ) C Y N
Tel a pint of the infufion of fixty or feventy grains of
the moft tranfparent ifing-glafs, or fifh-glue, in a little
white-wine and river or rain water, flirred well toge¬
ther, after being (trained through a linen cloth. When
this vifcous fubltance is put into the cadi, it fpreads it-
felf over the furface like a net, and carries all the dregs
to the bottom with it.
Ginger added to cyder, not only corredts its windi-
nefs, but makes it more brilk; and a few drops of
currant juice, befides tinging, adds a pleafant quick-
nefs to it. Honey, or fugar, mixed with fome fpices,
and added to flat cyder, will very much revive it.
Some commend boiling of cyder-juice, which fhould
be done as foon as it is prefled, fcumming it continu¬
ally, and obferving to let it boil no longer than till it
acquires the colour of fmall beer : when cold, put it
into a cade, leaving a fmall vent ; and when it begins
to bubble up out of the vent, bottle it for ufe.
CYDONIA, in botany. See Crateva.
CYGNUS, in ornithology. See Anas.
Cygnus, in aftronomy. See Vol. I. p. 486.
CYLINDER, in geometry, a folid body, fuppofed to
be generated by the rotation of a parallelogram.
Rolling, or loaded Cylinder. See Me c h a n 1 c s .
CYLINDROID, in geometry, a folid body, approach¬
ing to the rigure of a cylinder, but differing from it in
fome refpeft, as having the bafes elliptical, but paral
lei and equal.
CYLINDRUS, in natural hiflory. See Voluta.
CYMA, in botany, the tender (talks which herbs fend
forth in the beginning of the fpring, particularly thgfe
of the cabbage-kind.
CYMATIUM, in architefture, a member or moulding,
of the corniche, the profile of which is waved, that
is, concave at top, and convex at bottom. See Ar-
CHITECTURE.
CYMBAL, a mufical inftrument in ufe among the an¬
cients. The cymbal was round, made of brafs-, like
our kettle-drums, and, as fome think, in their form,
but fmaller, and of different ufe.
CY'MBALARIA, in botany. See Antirrhinum.
CYMBARIA, in botany, a genus of the didynamia an-
giofpermia clafs of plants The calix is divided into
many parts; and the capfule is unilocular. There is
but one fpecies.
CYNAlDUS, in ichthyology. See Sparus.
CYNANCHE, among phyficians, denotes an inflamma¬
tion of the larynx.
CYNANCHUM, in botany, a genus of the pentandria
digynia clafs. The nedtarium is cylindrical, and has
five teeth. There are five fpecies, none of them na¬
tives of Britain.
CYNANTHROPIA, in medicine, the diftemper occafi-
oned by the bite of a mad dog. See Medicine.
CYNAPIUM, in botany. See Ethusa.
CYNARA, the Artichoak, in botany, a genus of the
fyngenefia polygamia aequalis clafs. The calix is di¬
lated and imbricated, with flefliy feales fharp at the
points. There are four fpecies, none of them natives
-of Britain. The ufe of the artichoke as a food is well
known.
CYNICS, a feci of ancient philofophers, who valued
themfelves upon their contempt of riches and (late,
arts and fciences, and every thing, in ihort, except
virtue or morality.
The cynic philofophers owe their origin and inftitu-
tion to Antifthenes of Athens, a_difciple of Socrates,
who, being afleed of what ufe his philofophy had been
to him, replied, “ It enables me to live with myfelf.”
Diogenes was the moft famous of his difciples, in
whofe life the fyftem of this philofophy appears in its
greateft perfedlion: he led a molt wretched life, a tub
having ferved him for a lodging, which he rolled be¬
fore him where ever he went; yet he was, neverthelefs,
not the more humble orf account of his ragged cloak,
bag. and tub; for, one day, entering Plato’s houfe,
at a time that there was a fplendid entertainment there
for feveral perfons of diltindtion, he jumped up upon a
very rich couch, in all his dirt, faying, “ I trample on
the pride of Plato.” “ Yes (replied Plato,) but with
great pride, Diogenes.” He had the utmoft contempt
for all the human race, for he walked the ftreets of A-
thens, at noon-day; with a lighted lantern in his hand,
telling the people, “ He was in fearch of a man.”
Amongfl many excellent maxims of morality, he held
fome very pernicious opinions ; for he ufed to fay,
that the uninterrupted good fortune of Harpalus,
who generally pafled for a thief and a robber, was a
teftimony againft the gods. He regarded chaftity and
modefty as weaknefles; hence Laertius obferves of
him, that he did every thing openly, whether it be¬
longed to Ceres or Venus, though he adds that Dio¬
genes only ran to an excefs of impudence to put others
out of conceit with it: but impudence was the charac-
terillic of thefe philofophers, who argued, that what
was right to be done, might be done at all times, and
in all places. The chief principle of this fed, in com¬
mon with the ftoics, was, that we (hould follow nature;
butthey differed from the ftoics in their explanation of
that maxim, the cynics being of opinion that a man
followed nature, that gratified his natural motions and
appetites; while the ftoics underftood right reafon,
by the word nature.
Cynic spasm, a kind of convulfion, wherein the patient
imitates the bowlings of dogs.
CYNIPS, in zoology, a genus of infeds belonging to the
order of hymenoptera. The mouth confifts of two
jaws, without any probdfeis; and the (ling in the tail
is fpiral, and generally hid. There are nineteen fpecies,
diftinguiflied by their colour, and the plants they in¬
habit.
CYNOCEPHALUS, in zoology, the trivial name of a
fpecies of fimia. See Si mi a.
CYNOGLOSSUM, in botany, a genus of the pentan¬
dria monogynia clafs. The corolla is tunnel (haped ;
the feeds are deprefled, and the ftylus is fixed to the
interior fide of them. There are eight fpecies, only
one of which is a native of Britain, viz. the officinale,
or hound’s-tongue; the root is faid to be pedoral and
narcotic.
CY'NOMETRA, in botany, a genus of the decandria
monogyuia clafs. The calix confifts of fourfegments,
the