Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

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The crowns of almofl: all other kings are adorned
with large leaves, bordered with four, fix, or eight
diadems, with,a globe and crofs at top.
The Pa[>al Crown is compofed of a tiara, and a triple
crown encompaffing it, with two pendants like the bi-
Ihop’s mitres. Thefe crowns reprefent the pretended
triple capacity of the pope, as high prieft, fupreme
judge, and foie legiflator of Chriftians. Ibid.vP. y.
An elefloral Crown, or coronet, is a fcarlet cap turned
up with ermine, and clofed with a femicircle of gold,
all covered with pearls, with a globe at top, furmount*
ed with a golden crofs. Ibid. n°. 6.
Crowns.®/' Britijh princes of the blood, i. The
prince of Wales’s crown confifts alternately of croffes
and fleurs de lis, with one arch, in the middle of which
is a ball and crofs, as in the royal diadem. 2. That
of all the younger fons and brothers of the king, con¬
fifts likewife of crofles and fleurs de lis alternately, but
without any arch, or being furmounted with a globe
and crofs at top. 3 That of the other princes of the
blood confifts alternately of crofles and leaves, like
thofe in the coronet of dukes, <bc. Ibid. fig. 10.
n°. 1. 2. 3.
Crowns of noblemen are, a duke’s, compofed of leaves
of fm.illage, or parfley : that of a marquis, of flowers
and pearls placed alternately: an earl’s has no flowers
about the circle, like the duke and marquis, but only
points rifing, and a pearl on everyone of them : a vif-
count has neither flowers nor points raifed above the
. circle, like the other fuperior degrees, but only pearls
placed on the circle itfelf without any limited number:
a baron’s has only fix pearls on the golden border,
not raifed, to diftinguifti him from the earl’s; and the
number of them limited, to fhew he is inferior to
the vifcount. Ibid. fig. ii.n0. 1. 2. <bc.
Crown, in commerce, a general name for coins both fo¬
reign and domeftic, which are of, or very near, the
value of five {hillings fterling.
Crown-office, an office belonging to the king’s
bench court, of which the king’s coroner or attorney
is commonly mafter. In this office, the attorney ge¬
net al and clerk of the crown feverally exhibit informa¬
tions for crimes and mifdemeanors at common law, as
in the cafe of batteries, confpiracies, libelling, fyc.
on which the offender is liable to pay a fine to the
king.
Crown-glass, denotes the fineft fort of window-glafs.
See Glass.
Crown-wheel of a nuatch, the upper wheel next the
balance, which by its motion drives the balance, and
in royal-pendulums is called the fwing-wheel
Crown imperial, in botany. See Fritillaria.
CROYDON, a market-town in Surrey, about ten miles
fouth of London.
CRUCIAL incision, in furgery, an incifion made in
form of a crofs.
CRUCIANELLA, in botany, a genus of the tetrandria
monogynia clafs. The corolla confifts of one turnnel-
ftiaped petal, with a filiform tube ; the calix has three
leaves j and the feeds are two, fituate between the
C R U
calix and corolla. The fpecies are five, none of them
natives of Britain.
CRUCIATA, in botany. See Valentia.
CRUCIBLE, a chemical veflel made of earth, and fo
tempered and backed as to endure the greateft fire.
They are ufed to melt metals, and to flux minerals,
ores, <bc.
The figure of a crucible is commonly that of an ob-
tufe conoid, with its bafe at the top, and obtufe apex
at the bottom; whence this conical figure may be va¬
ried, till it comes to the hollow fegment of a fphere.
The crucibles moft generally ufed are thofe of Hefle
and Auftria.
CRUCIFIX, a crofs upon which the body of Chrift is
faftened in effigy, ufed by the Roman-catholics to ex¬
cite in their minds a ftrong idea of our Saviour’s paf-
fion.
They efteem it an eflential circumftance of the reli¬
gious worftiip performed at the altar; and on Good
Friday they perform the ceremony of adoring it,
which is done in thefe words, 0 crux ave, fpes unica;
Hail, thou crofs, our only hope. The officiating prieft
uncovers the crucifix, elevates it with both his hands,
and fays, Ecce lignum crucis; Behold the wood of the
crofs. The people anfwer, in quo falus mundi pe-
pendit; on which the Saviour of the world fuffered
death. Then the whole congregation bow with great
reverence, and devoutly kifs the holy wood.
CRUCIFIXION, a capital punifliment by nailing the
criminal to a crofs. See Cross.
CPUCIFORM, in general, fomething difpofed crofs-
wife; but more efpecially ufed by botanifts, for flowers
confifting of four petals difpofed in the form of a
crofs.
CRUDE, an epithet given to fomething that has not
pafled the fire, or had a proper degree of codion.
CRUDITY, among phyficians, is applied to undigefted
fubftances in the ftomach; to humours in the body
which are unconcoded, and not prepared for expulfion;
and to the excrements.
CRUISE, in the fea-language, fignifies to fail back and
fore within a certain fpace of the fea, as well to annoy
the enemy, as to proted our own trading veflels.
CRUMENTATA, among zoologifts, animals furniftied
with a pouch, or bag, wherein to receive their young
in time of danger.
CRUOR, fometimes fignifies the blood in general; fome-
times only the venous blood ; and fometimes extrava-
fated, or coagulated blood.
CRUPPER, in the menage, the buttocks of a horfe,
the rump; alfo a thong of leather put under a
horfe’s tail, and drawn up by thongs to the buckle
behind the faddle, fo as to keep him from calling the
faddle forwards on his neck.
CR.URA cl 1 toridis, in anatomy. See Vol. I. p. 276.
Crura medullas oblongata. See Vol. I. p. 287.
CRURiEUS, or Crureus musculus, in anatomy.
See Vol. I. p. 207.
CRURAL, in anatomy, an epithet given to the artery
which conveys the blood to the crura, or legs, and to
■* the
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