Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

C II I ( 183 ) CHI
. CHEVRONED, is when the coat is filled with an. e-
qual number of chevrons, of colour and metal.
CHEVRONEL, a diminutive of chevron, and as fuch
only containing half a chevron.
CHEVRONNE, or Chevronny, fignifies the dividing
of the fhield feverai times chevron-wife.
CHEWING-BALLS, a kind of balls made of afa-
foetida, liver of antimony, bay-wood, juniper-wood,
and pellitory of Spain ; which being dried in the fun,
and wrapped in a linen-cloth, are tied to the bit of the
bridle for the horfe to chew: they create an appetite
and it is faid, that balls of Venice treacle may be ufed
in the fame manner with good fuccefs.
CHIAMPA, the fouth divifion of Cochin-china, a coun¬
try of the Eaft-Indies.
CHIAN earth, in pharmacy,-one of the medicinal earths
of the ancients, the name of which is preferved in the
catalogues of the materia medic^fhut of which nothing
more than the name has been known for many ages in
thelhops.
It is a very denfe and compaft earth, and is fent
hither in fmall flat pieces from the ifland oLChios, in
which it is found in great plenty at this time. It (lands
recommended to us as an aflringent. They tell us,
it is the greatefl of all cofmetics, and that it gives a
whitenefs and fmoothnefs to the Ikin, and prevents
wrinkles, beyond any of the other fubilances that have
been celebrated for the fame purpofes.
CHI APA, the capital of a province of the fame name in
Mexico, fituated about 390 miles ealt of Acapulco :
W. long. 98°, N. lat. 160 30'.
CHIARASCO, a fortified to\vn of Peidmont in Italy,
fituated on the river Tanaro, twenty miles fouth-eaft
of Turin, and fubjeifl to the king of Sardinia: E.long.
7° 4S'> N. lat. 4.40 40'.
CHIARENZA, a port-town of tll^noith-wefl: coafl of
the Morea, oppofite to the ifland Zant, in the Medi¬
terranean, and fubjedt to the Turks: E.long. 21° 15',
N. lat 370 35'.
CHIAROSCURO, among painters. SccClaro-ob-
S C U R O.
CHICHESTER, the capital city of Suflex, fituated
fifty-two miles fouth-weft of London, and twelve
miles call of Portfinouth : W. long, yo', and N. lat.
50° 50'. It is a biftxop’s fee, and fends two members
to parliament.
New Chichester, a^port-town of Penfilvania, fituated
on the river Delawar, below Chefter. See Chesteb{.
CHICK, or Chicken, in zoology, denotes the young
of the gallinaceous order of birds, efpecially the com¬
mon hen. See Phasianus.
Chicken-/';*. See Small-Vox, and Medicine.
CHicK-oum/, in botany. See Alsine.
CHICKLING /^i*, in botany, a name given to the la-
thyrus. See Lathyrus.
CHICUITO, or Cuyo, a province of South America,
bounded by the province of La Plata on the north-
ea(l, and by Chili on the weft.
CHIDLEY, or Chimley, a market-town of Devon-
ftiire, about eighteen miles north-weft of Exeter: W.
long. 40, N. lat. 510.
Vol. II. No. 37. 3'
CHIEF, a term fignifying the head or principal part-of
a thing or perfon. Thus we fay, the chief of a par¬
ty, the chief a family, &c.
Chief, in heraldry, is that which takes up al! the upper
part of the efcutcheon from fide to fide, and reprefents
a man’s head. See Plate LXV. fig. 4.
It is to take up juft the th> 1 part of-the efcutcheon,
as all other honourable ordinaries do, efpecially if they
are alone on the (hield ; but if there be feverai of
them, they muft be leflened in proportion to their num-
' ber, and the fame holds when they are cantoned, at¬
tended and bordered upon by fome other figures ; then
the painter or engraver may be allowed to bring them
into a fmaller compafs, to the end that all that is re-
prefented about the ordinaries may appear with fome
proportion and fymmetry. Chiefs are very much va¬
ried, for they may be convert, fupported, crenelle
, furmounted, abaife, rempli, dentille, engrefle, ca
nelle, danche, nebule, fleurdelezee, fieuronne, vair
echequete, lozange, burelle, pane, frettc, giror.nc
chaperonne, chappe, mantele, emmanche, chaufie
veftu or reveftu. See Couvert, Supported,
/« Chief, imports fomething borne in the chief part or
top of the efcutcheon.
Chief lord, the feudal lord, or lord of an honour on
whom others depend.
CntET-ju/llce of the king's bench and common pleas.
See Justice.
CHIEFTAIN, denotes the captain, or chief, of any
clafs, family, or body of men: thus, the chieftains,
or chiefs, of the highland dans, were the principal
noblemen or gentlemen of their refpeflive elans.
CHIERI, a fortified towfl of Peidmont in Italy, fitua¬
ted eight miles eaft ofTurin: E.long. 7° 45', N.lat.
CHILBLAINS,
CHILD-feL
in medicine. See Pernio.
See Midwifery.
Child-//>/A 5
CHILDERMAS-^r)’, or Innocent’/-^)-, an anivet-
fary held by the church, on the 28th of December, in
commemoration of the children at Bethlehem, mafla-
cred by order of Herod.
CHILI, a province of fouth America, bounded by Peru
on the north, by the province of La Plata on the eaft,
by Patagonia on the fouth, and by the Pacific ocean on
the weft ; lying between 250 and 450 S. lat. and be-
. tween 750 and 85° W. long. But fome comprehend
Patagonia in Chili, extending it to cape Horn, in 5 70
30' S. lat.
CHILIAD, denotes a thoufand of any tilings, ran¬
ged in feverai divifions, each -whereof contains that
number.
CHILIARCHA, ot Chiliarchus, in antiquity, a mi¬
litary officer, who had the command of a thoufand
men.
CHILIASTS, in church-hiftbry. See Millen arians.
CHILMINAR, Chelminar, or Tchelminar, the
mod beautiful piece of archite&ure remaining of all an¬
tiquity, being the ruins of the famous palace of Per-
ftpoi-s, to which Alexander the Great, in a drunken
fit, fet fire, at the indication of Thais die couitezanr
3 A the