Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

C A I (
CAHERAH, or Al-caherah, the capital of Egypt*
which we call Grand Cairo. See Cairo.
CAHLO, the name by which fome call the lupus pif-
cis or wolf-fiih.
CAHORS, the capital of the territory of Querci, in the
province of Guienne in France, fituated about forty-
five, miles north of Tholoufe: E. long. i°, N. lat.
44° 25/-
It is the fee of a bifliop, and has an univerfity.
CAHYS, a dry meafure for corn, ufed in fome parts of
Spain, particularly at Seville and at Cadiz. It is near
a bulhel of our meafure.
CAJANABURG, the capital of the province of Caja-
nia, or eaft Bothnia in Sweden, fituated on the north-
eaft part of the lake Cajania, about three hundred miles
north-eaft of Abo : E. long. 270, N. lat. 63° 50'.
CAJAZZO, a town of the province of Lavoro in the
kingdom of Naples, fituated about fixteen miles north-
ealt of the city of Naples: E. long. 15°, N. lat.
4l° 1S'-
CAJEPUT, an oil brought from the E. Indies, which
refembles that of cardamoms.
CAIFUM, a city of China, fituated in the province of
Honan, on the river Crocceus, three hundred and fifty
miles north-weft of Nanking : E. long. 113° 30/, and
N. lat. 350.
CAIMACAN, or Caimacam, in the Turkifh affairs,
a dignity in the Ottoman empire, anfwering to lieute¬
nant, or rather deputy, among us.
There are ufuaily two caimacans, one refiding at
Conftantinople, as governor thereof ; the other attend¬
ing the grand vizir, in quality of his lieutenant, fe-
cretary of ftate, and firft minifter of his council; and
gives audience to ambaffadors. Sometimes there is a
third caimacan, who attends the fultan ; whom he
acquaints with any public difturbances, and receives
his orders concerning them.
CAIMAN, or Caiman-islands, certain American
iflands lying fouth of Cuba, and north-weft of Ja¬
maica, between 8i° and 86° of W. long, and in 210
of N. lat.
They are moft remarkable on account of the fifhery
of tortoife, which the people of Jamaica catch here,
and carry home alive, keeping them in pens for food, ,
and killing them as they want them.
GAINIANS, or Cainites, in church-hiftory, Chii-
ftian heretics, that fprung up about the year 130, and
took their name from Cain, whom they looked upon
as their head and father : They faid, that he was
formed by a celeftial and almighty power, and that A-
bel was made but by a weak one.
This fefl: adopted all that was impure in the herefy
of the gnoftics, and other heretics of thofe times :
They acknowledged a power fuperior to that of the
Creator ; the former they called Wifdom, the latter.
Inferior Virtue : They had a particular veneration for
Korah, Abiram, Efau, Lot, the -Sodomites, and e-
fpecially Judas, becaufe his treachery occafioned the
death of Jefus Chrift: They even made ufe of a go-
fpel, which bore that falfe apoftle’s name.
GAINITOj in botany. SeeCtfRYSoPHYLLUM.
7 ) CAL
CAIRO, or Grand Cairo, the capital of Egypt, fi¬
tuated in a plain at the foot of a mountain, about two
miles eaft of the Nile, and 100 miles fouth of the
mouth of that river: E. long. 3;0, N. lat. 30°.
The town is ten miles in circumference, and full of
inhabitants. The caftle ftands on the fummit of a
hill, at the fouth end of the town, and is three miles
round. The Britifh and other European ftates have
their confuls and factors here, for the prote&ion of
trade.
CAIRO AN, a town of the kingdom of Tunis in A-
frica, fituated on the river Magrida, about eighty
miles fouth of Tunis : E. long. 90, N. lat. 36<).
CAINS, a name given to the Greeks in the ifle of Crete,
who revolt from the Turks to the Venetians.
CAISSON, in the military art, a wooden cheft, into
which feveral bombs are put, and fometimes only fil¬
led with gun-powder : This is buried under fome work
whereof the enemy intends to pofftfs themfelves, and,,
when they are mafters of it, is fired, in order to blow
them up.
Caisson is alfo ufed for a wooden frame or cheft, ufed
in laying the foundations of the piers of a bridge.
CAITHNESS. SccCathness.
CAKILE, in botany. See Bunias.
CALABA, in botany. See Calophyllum
CAL ABAS H-/rvp, in botany. See Crescentia.
CALABRIA, the moftToutherly part of the kingdom.:
of Naples, fituated over againft Sicily.
There are two provinces of Calabria called the Hi¬
ther and Farther Calabria, with refpeft to the city
of Naples; Cofenza being the capital of the former, .
and Rheggio of the latter.
CALADE, in the menage, the defcent or floping decli¬
vity of a rifing menage ground, being a fmall eminence
upon which we ride down a horfe feveral times, put¬
ting him to a fliort gallop, with his fore-hams in the
air, to make him learn to ply or bend his haunches, .
and form his ftop upon the aids of the calves of the •
legs, the ftay of the. bridle, and the cavefon feafonably
given.
CALAHORRA, a city of Old Caftilein Spain, .fituated
on the river Ebro, near the confines of Navarre, a-
bout fixty miles north-weft of Saragoffa : W. long. .
2°, N. lat. 420 zcx.
CALAIS, a port-town of Picardy- in France, fituated
on the Englifh channel, about twenty-two miles fouth-
eaft of Dover : E. long. 20, N. lat. 51
CALAMANCO, a fort of woolen fluff manufactured in
England and in Brabant. It has a fine glofs, and is
chequered-in the warp, whence the checks appear on¬
ly on the right fide. Some calamancos are quite
plain, others have broad ftripes adorned with flowers;
fome with plaimbroad ftripes, fome with narrow itripes,
and others watered.
CALAMINARIS, or Lapis Calaminaris, in na¬
tural hiftory, a kind of foffd, the general ore of zinc,
of a fpungy fubftance and a lax and cavernous tex¬
ture, yet-confiderably-heavy.
It is of no determinate lhape or fize, but is found
in maffes of a very various and irregular figure. It is,
when..