Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

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north; by Friuli, on the eaft; by the Bellunefe, on
the fouth and by the Trentin, on the weft.
CADRITES, a fort of Mahometan friars, who once
a-week fpend great part of the night in turning round,
holding each other’s hand, and repeating inceflantly
the word hat, which fignifies living, and is one of the
attributes of God; during which one of them plays
on a flute. They never cut their hair, nor cover
their heads, and always go barefooted; they have
liberty to quit their convent when they pleafe, and to
marry.
CADSAND, an iljand on the coaft of Dutch Flanders,
fituated at the mouth of the Scheld, whereby the
Dutch command the navigation of that river.
CADUCEUS, in antiquity, Mercury’s rod, or fceptre,
being a wand entwifted by two ferpents, borne by that
deity, as the enfign of his quality and office, given
him, according to the fable, by Apollo, for his feven-
. ftringed harp.
Wonderful properties are afcribed to this rod by
the poets, as laying men afleep, raifing the dead,
It is ufed alfo as a fymbol of peace. The caduceus,
as found on fome medals, is a common fymbol, figni-
fying good conduct, peace, and profperity.
CADUS, in antiquity, a wine-veflel of a certain capa¬
city, containing eighty amphorae, or firkins, each of
which, according to the beft accounts, held nine gal¬
lons.
CALCILIA, in zoology, a genus of ferpents belonging
to the amphibia clafs. The caecilia has no fcales; it
is fmooth, and moves by means of lateral rugae or
prickles. The upper lip is prominent, and furnifhed
with two tentacula. It has no tail. There are but
two fpecies of this ferpent, viz. i. The tentaculata,
has 135 rugae. It is about a foot long and an ipeh in
circumference, preferving an uniform cylindrical fhape
from the one end to the other. The teeth are very
fmall. It has fuch a refemblance to an eel, that it
may eafily be miftaken for . one ; but as it has neither
fins nor gills, it cannot be clafled with the fifties., It
is a native of America, and its bite is not poifonous.
2. The glutinofa has 340 rugae or prickles above
and ten below the anus. It is of a brownifh colour,
with a white line on the fide, and is a native of the
Indies.
CiEGUM, or Coecum, in anatomy, the blind-gut.
See p. 260. col. 2.
CAilMENT, in a general fenfe, any glutinous fubftance,
capable of uniting and keeping things together in clofc
cohefion: in this fenfe, under caement, are compre¬
hended mortar, folder, glue,, isc. but, ftriftly fpeak-
ing, the term caement only denotes a glutinous compo-
fition, ufed in caementing broken glafles, china-ware,
or earthen-ware.
One of the fineft, and at the fame time ftrongeft
caement for this purpofe, is the juice of garlic ftamped
in a ftone mortar: this, if the operation is done with
care, leaves little or no mark. Another caement is
made by beating the white of an egg very clear, and
mixing with it fine powdered quick-lime : or ifing-glafs,
powdered chalk, and a little lime may be mixed toge-
Von. II. Numb. 30. 3
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ther, and diflblved in fair water. With tbefe, the
glaftes, 6c. are to be caemented, and th<-n fet in tl e
ftiade to dry; a caution which ftiotftd always be ob-
ferved, whichever of the above caements is ufed.
A caement for cracked "chemical-giaftes, that will
ftand the fire, may be thus prepared : take wheat flour,
fine powdered Venice glals, and pulverized chalk, of
each an equal quantity ; of fine brick-duft, one half of
the faid quantity; and a little fcraped lint: mix them
all together with the whites of eggs; then, fpreading
this mixture upon a linen cloth, apply it to the cracks
of the glafies, which muft be well dried before they
are ufed. Old varnifti is another csement that will
anfwer the fame purpofe.
Cement, among builders, a ftrong fort of mortar, u-
fed to bind bricks or ftones together for fome kind of
mouldings ; or in cxmenting a block of bricks for the
carving of capitals, fcrolls, or the like. There an;
two forts, 1. Hot casment, which is the moft commoa,
made of refin, bees-wax, brick-duft, and chalk, boiled
together. The bricks to be cemented with this kind,
muft be made hot with the fire, and rubbed to and
fro after the ctement is fpread, in the fame manner as
joiners do when they glue two boards together. 2.
Cold csement, made of Cheihire-cheefe, milk, quick¬
lime, and whites of eggs.. This csement is lefs ufed
than the former, and is accounted a fecret known
but to few bricklayers.
C/ement, among engravers, jewellers, 6c. a compo-
fition of fine brick-duft well fifted, refin, and bees-wax,
in ufe among thefe artificers to keep the metals to be
engraven or wrought on firm to the block; and alfa
to fill up what is to be chefleled.
Clement, in chemiftry, a kind of menftruum compound-
ed of fairs, fulphurs, and brick, reduced to dry pow¬
ders, and ftrewed betwixt plates of metal, in order to
raife their colour, or feparate one metal from another.
See Chemistry.
Clement-pots, or thofe jufed in the csementation of
metals, are made of fine potter’s clay, and that either
pure, or mixed with fand in different proportions.
CEMENTATION, in a general fenfe, the corroding
of metals in a dry form, by means of the fumes of
acid falts. See Chemistry, Part II.
CAEN, the capital of a county of the fame name in
Normandy, fituated on the river Orne, about feventy-
five miles well of Rouen, and thirty fouth-weft of
Havre de Grace: W. long. 2s', N. lat. 490 20'.
It has an univerfity, firft founded by king Henry
VI. of England, in 1431.
CAERFILLT, a town of Glamorganftiire, about five
miles north of Landaff: W. long. 30 1 c' and N.
lat. 51° 35'.
CAERITES, or C^eritum tabulje, in Roman anti¬
quity, tables or regifters in which the names of the
Casrites were regiftered. The people of Csere were
accounted dtizens of Rome, hut had no privilege of
voting; hence when a Roman citizen was degraded,
if a fenator, he was expelled the fenate; if a knight,
he loft the public borfe; and if a plebeian, his name
was inferted in the regifter of the Casrites; that is, he
B was