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(42)
WATER'S
DIRECTORY
r> v,w?S?i ' ? f ? tubes, Mineeals, Ac-Scotland produces many valuable articles of I ioe in oorn, the rearint!
1. Mack cattle and sheep for tiie imghsh market is very, considerable. Great attention is p idtotb. ittle; while the hor.es and
ieep, originally small, now rival those of England. Its woods of oak and fir are con â–  twithpropffl , , ; . . . ," -.. . 1" serviceable to the
navy. The mines of coal, lead and iron have long been sources of wealth, as have , , , e found SvMionI
places, and in great abundance. The manufacture of paraffin and other oils has been introduced into - ,v jral parts, and bids fan- to become one
tl L» „? tF 1 Pr °« U< ; S °, the C0Untry ' Some at . temicm !s also paid t0 its marble3 ' which P">™ '*"•■ if •*•»«. inh-rior h,;o"om° or poUsh to
thoseof Italj. Scotland cannot, at present, exhibit many of the precious metals, though con lera lai ties, both of gold and silver have
at different periods been obtained from her bowels, and it is not improbable that the time may ami treasures will a^ain be laid
open, copper has been discovered m many places, though at present it is nowhere wrought to any cons,.; b at: but a verv rich mine of
antimony has been worked, richer it is believed, than any at present known. Most of the gems and preoiou 01 1, with the exception of the
d.amond, have also been found in Scotland. Manufactures of various kinds are in a very thriving condition. In printed cottons and fieored
goods 111 shawls, ta„ it equals those of England; shawls especially, for which, and the manufacture of sewing cotton, Paisley has bee oe liiilv cele-
m„™ , , P , "' , ^neware a»'e scarcely surpassed anywhere. In linens, particularly those for the table, Dunfermline has '.'.,' been famous
Manufactures of broad cloth, silks, and gauzes are also upon a respectable footing. The intercourse with England daily becomes more frequent'
(thanks to the rail), to the mutual advantage of both countries. This has the effect of rendering the maimers: dress, and langua^Tboth alike
and extinguishing all national prejudice. The dress of the Lowlauders resembles that of the English ; that peculiar to the Htefflanders though
not so common as formerly, is still worn by many ; it is composed of woollen stuff, called " tartan," of various colours, checkered. Marfy S
tartan -artarwith'tasTe^' * ^ ^^ * "****'" ^ S ' ookinss • made of simila1 ' dickered stuff, are short and tied below the knee" by
to 1,3s, ^tS? uui , lo â„¢'y sober "ml frugal ; instead of lavishing their gains they are wisely laid by or economically expended to enable them
to live in comfort, and make a respectable appearance. Intelligence is more common than in most countries, owing to the number of excellem
a£** and f the *e-ipness with which education is acquired ; and there are few branches of literature in which to Xotch have a led
I ,'nlb T f \y ie S ree ° f «C9Uenoe, although they caimo boast of many authors at an early period. Before the abolition of episcopacy* the ancient
church establishment was composed of two archbishoprics and twelve bishoprics. The National religion is now the Presbyterian founded on an
X I'TT S , PaSt °- r5 - A ™ ry 1Dflu ™"" 1 / ntl numerous body, denominated ■' The Free Church of Scotland," was eons" t ed u 1843 and
SS-ST v n mT r b t e , OT , mC1 ' eisiugm number from that time. The clergy of Scotland are well educated, and singularly exci plan- in their
morals. Eoman Catholics, of whom the number is not very considerable, are tolerated, as well as Episcopalians, and various dissenters from the
Established Church There are four Universities-that of St. Andrew, founded in 1412 ; that of Glasgow, founded in li; â–  th t ,f Aberdeen
founded in loOO ; and that of Edinburgh, founded by James VI. in 1582. Since the union of the two kingdoms which even't took mace in 170?'
wMS7 m ^^ 1 '" 1 t he S f m ? ^' h tha ' ° £ ^Sland; the civil code, however, and the manner" of administering jus" ee ar d Scre.it
F li SJ; I f u P , m i, lpal r eU >, '■ ha ™ occurre , in Sc ° tlm d, more particular notice wUl be taken in the historical deLripHon of
,, ! „f g , , Sc , utland ' th ™Sh neither so rich nor so populous as the southern division of the island, has long borne a name for martial explmts-
and of late she has risen to as great eminence m literature and the arts. â„¢ expions ,
Divisions, Representative Svsteji, Population, &C.-TI10 mainland of North Britain is naturally divided into three portions The
SrSS" S™ '^ Km ' 1 ' e ^ tb0 ? I ,°? y Fi :'a b ' L3cb NeSS ' Loob Ljcb ^ and Locb Lin »he, connected with e eh othe toe Sdonian
Sn ' lake This, P ° • * B ' Sa,m P artcdfl '?. m h ! s™tte™ by the Friths of Forth and Clyde, the Biver Forth, Ben Lomond and it "Z"
minal lake. These are again unequally sub-divided mto thirty-three counties, which, in the following table, comprising the sheriffdoms
stewartnes, and the bailiewieks, and the chief towns, are arranged according to their situations. complin,, me snertodonis,
Shires.
Caithness .
Inverness . ,
Orkney
Boss
and
Cromarty . .
Sutherland
NOBTHEEN DIVISION.
Sheriffdoms and other Subdivisions.
Included with Bute
Ayr, Strathglass, Skye, Harris, Badenoch, Lochaber, and Glenmorrison ...... '.'."
Isles of Orkney and Shetland
East and West Boss, Lewis, Lochbroom, Lochcarron, Ardmeannach, EedcasVle, FeiTintosh,
Strathpeffer, and Ferrindonald
West of Murray and Cromarty .'.'...*.'.'. .".".'
Strathnever and Sutherland ' '
Aberdeen
Angus, or Forfar
Argvle
Banff
Bute
Clackmannan
Dumbarton
Fife
Kincardine or Mearns
Kinross
Moray, or Elgin
Nairn
Perth
Stilling
Cliief Towns
MIDLAND DIVISION.
Ayr
Berwick, or Merse
Dumfries
Edinburgh
Haddington
Kircudbright ....
Lanark
Linlithgow
Peebles
Renfrew
Boxburgh
Selkirk
Wigtown
Mar, Buehan, Garloch, and Strathbogie
Forfar, Angus . '
Arg^e, Cowal Knapdale, Kmtyro\V Lorn^
Banff, Strathdeveron, Boyne, Enzy, Bulveney, Strathaven, and part of Buehan
Bute, Arran, Caithness
Included with Fife ."
Lennox
Fife ...."."".'.'.I'.'.'.'.!".'.'.
Mearns
Part of Fife \.\ '.'.'.'."." '.'.".
Moray and Strathspey '.'.'.'â– '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.]. .''.'..'..
Included with Cromarty .'.'.'.'.'. .'.'.".'"'.."..".'.".'".'
Perth, Athol, Gowry, Breadalbanc, Monteith\'strathern,'stormont\7>ieiisii'ee"'i Keunoeh"
Stirling
SOUTHERN DIVISION.
Wick
Inverness
Kirkwall
Tain
Cromarty
Dornoch
Aberdeen
Forfar and Dundee
Inveraray
Banff
Rothesay
Culross
Dumbarton
Cupar and St. Andrew
Stonehaven
Kinross
Elgin
Nairn
Perth
Stirling
Kyle, Carrick and Cunningham
The Marches and Lauderdale ..'.".'.'.'.".".'.".. T„;„w
Nithsdale, Annandale ..;. Lmc
Mid Lothian '..".'.'.
East Lothian .' [
East part of Galloway ........ .\. ... ,\ ....[.[.]' ][
Clydesdale .'.'.! i 1 i
West Lothian ........'."."'.....'.'
Tweedale '.'."..'. . ' ".
Renfrew
Tiviotdale, Liddesdaie, Es'kdale and' Ewsdaie '.'.'.'.'.'..'.'
Ettrick Forest
West part of Galloway ...... '. '. . . . .' .' . . ' . . .'
Dumfries â– 
Edinburgh
Haddington
Kirkcudbright
Glasgow
Linlithgow
Peebles
Paisley and Renfrew
Jedburgh
Selkirk
Wigtown
Eto^SSS^^^f," 063 ? 1 the Redistribution of Seats Act, 1885, is as follows : -Aberdeenshire and Ayrshire
SZ fttSt ;^n° hS ?r llK oue ' exccpt Clackmannan and Kinross, which jointly send one; the same with the
".embers ^ and tbose °' E1 S in aud Nairn i s0 ^ the thirty-three counties are represented by thirty-nine
UiiversitiesofS two e â„¢ h ' â„¢* Greenock, Paisley and Perth one each. The
SoKTm^^^^^ Ab - d -n. The following combined o'r contributory burghs also
PARLIAMENTARY DISTRICTS OF BUEGHS.
Atk :— Ayr, Campbeltown, Inveraray, Irvine and Oban
Dc "]^ ES : — Annan . Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, Lochmaben and
Elgin :— Banff, Cullen, Elgin, Inverurie, Kintore and Peterhead
Falkiek :— Amine, Falkirk, Hamilton, Lanark and Linlithgow
Haddington :— Dunbar, Jedburgh, Lauder and North Berwick
Hawick:— Hawick, Galashiels and Selkirk
Inverness :— Forres, Fortrose, Inverness and Nairn
Kirkcaldy :— Burntisland, Dysart, Kinghorn and Kirkcaldy
f ?na aon ION °,i,", e ^ ned S m ' as esbibitefl by the Government
was 1,608,120; >n 1811, 1,805,864; in 1821 2 DPI 521 • in 1«1 9 s
8,860,018; and in lSSli 8,7S5,678. ' ,! ' US1 ' 6!fl ' m 1S81 ' 2 ' 8
xxxii
KrLMAENocK :— Dumbarton, Kilmarnock, Port Glasgow, Renfrew, and
San- Eutherglen
Leith :— Leith, Musselburgh and Portobello
Monteose :— Arbroath, Brechin, Forfar, Iverbervie and Montrose
St. Andeews :— Anstruther (East and West), Crail, Cupar, Kilrenny,
Pittenweem and St. Andrews
Stieling : — Culross, Dunfermhne, Inverkeithing, Qneensferry and
Stirling
Wick :— Cromarty, Dingwall, Dornoch, Kirkwall, Tain and Wick
Wigtown :— New Galloway, Stranraer, Whithorn and Wigtown
returns at the following periods :— In the year 1801, the number of inhabitants
64,886; in 1841, 2,620,184; in 1851, 2,888,742; in 1861, S,062,294; in 1871,

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