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IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE U.S. & CHINA 97
institutions under the control of the G-overnment of the United States, which are
enjoyed in the respective countries by the citizens or subjects of the most favoured
nation. The citizens of the United States may freely establish and maintain schools
within the Empire of China at those places where foreigners are by Treaty permitted
to reside; and, reciprocally, Chinese subjects may enjoy the same privileges and
immunities in the United States.
E Art. VIII.—The United States, always disclaiming and discouraging all prac¬
tices of unnecessary dictation and intervention by one nation in the affairs or domestic
administration of another, do hereby freely disclaim and disavow any intention or
right to intervene in the domestic administration of China in regard to the construc¬
tion of railroads, telegraphs, or other material internal improvements. On the other
hand, His Majesty the Emperor of China reserves to himself the right to decide the
time and manner and circumstances of introducing such improvements within his
dominions. With this mutual understanding it is agreed by the contracting parties
that, if at any time hereafter his Imperial Majesty shall determine to construct, or
cause to be constructed, works of the character mentioned within the Empire, and
shall make application to the United States or any other Western Power for facilities
to carry out that policy, the United States will in that case designate or authorize
suitable engineers to be employed by the Chinese Government, and will recommend
to other nations an equal compliance with such applications ; the Chinese Government
in that case protecting such engineers in their persons and property, and paying
them a reasonable compensation for their services.
r In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty and
thereto affixed the seals of their arms.
s Done at Washington, the twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
[l.s.] (Signed) William H. Seward. [l.s.] (Signed) Chih Kang.
1 [l.s.] „ Anson Burlingame. [l.s.] „ Sun Chiaku.
IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
Signed at Peking, in the English and Chinese Languages,
on the 17th November, 1880
The Immigration Treaty
■ Whereas, in the eighth year of Hien Fung, Anno Domini 1858, a Treaty of Peace
and Friendship was concluded between the United States of America and China, and
to which were added in the seventh year of Tung Chi, Anno Domini 1868, certain
supplementary Articles to the advantage of both parties, which supplementary Articles
were to be perpetually observed and obeyed; and
1 Whereas the Government of the United States, because of the constantly in¬
creasing immigration of Chinese labourers to the territory of the United States, and
the embarrassments Consequent upon such immigration, now desires to negotiate a
modification of the existing Treaties which will not be in direct contravention of their
spirit; now, therefore, the President of the United States of America appoints James
B. Angell, of Michigan; John F. Swift, of California; and William H. Trescott, of
South Carolina, as his Commissioners Plenipotentiary; and His Imperial Majesty
the Emperor of China has appointed Pao Chun, a member of His Imperial Majesty’s
Privy Council and Superintendent of the Board of Civil Office, and Li Hung Tsao, a
member of His Imperial Majesty’s Privy Council, as his Commissioners Plenipo¬
tentiary; and the said Commissioners Plenipotentiary, having conjointly examined
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