1924

712
SHANGHAI
8,658 in Hongkew (now Northern and Eastern Districts), 3,522 in Western Dis-i
trict, Outside Roads and Pootung; and 1,476 in the French Settlement—an increase1:
of 2T74 per cent, during the latter five years, against 45 per cent, during the previous!
five. When the census was taken in October, 1915, the number of foreigners in)1
the two Settlements had grown to 20,924—18,519 in the International Settlement!
and 2,405 in the French Settlement. According to the census taken on October*
16th, 1920 (exclusive of the French Settlement and the outside roads under the control;
of the French Consul), the foreign population numbered 23,307, compared with!
18,519 in 1915 and 13,536 in 1910. The proportion of the principal nationalities repre-!
sented was as follows, the figures at the time of the 1915 census being given within
parenthesis :—Japanese 10,215 (7,169) ; British, 5,341 (4,822) ; American, 2,264 (1,307) ;
Portuguese, 1,301 (1,323); Russian, 1,261 (361); French, 316 (244); German, 280(1,155) ;j
Spanish, 186 (181); Danish, 175 (145); Italian. 171 (114); Indians, 954 (1,009). This showed!
that the Japanese had trebled in number since 1910. The foreign population in thef
French Settlement in 1920 was 3,560 and the native 166,667. Among the different!
nationalities represented in the foreign population were the following:—British,!
1,044; American, 549; French, 530; Japanese, 306; Russian, 210; German, 9.
Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign ill
Settlement, and indeed were not recognised by the original Land Regulations,;!
some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels®
in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there®
were, it is said, at least five hundred thousand natives within the Settlements.®
As they found some amenities from “squeezing” when under the protection of k
foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental forii
their land and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposi-jr
tion was made to their residence. In 1870 there were in the three Settlements
75,047; in 1880, 107,812; in 1890, 168,129; in 1900, 240,995; in 1910, 602,475; an<L
in 1920, 930,068. The Chinese population working in the Settlements, however, mustf
be much greater than the total given, as there are many more thousands who sleep|
outside the limits. Taking into consideration the thickly populated surrounding Chinese
territory with its added thousands that cannot be even approximated, the daytime
population of the port, it is thought, must be well toward 1,500.000. This rapid
increase has occurred notwithstanding that rents have risen from thirty to sixty and
in some cases even to one hundred per cent, and that provisions and cost of living
generally both of natives and foreigners have increasted. The population of the
native city is estimated by the Inspectorate of Customs at one million. The large
congregation of nearly a million natives in the Settlements and outlying roa dsiJ
eight and two-thirds square miles, is kept in admirable order by a police force of
239 Europeans (239 is the authorised number), 713 Sikhs (including 185 for gaol duty),
30 Japanese and 1,489 natives for the north of the Yang-king-pang, being one eonstabief*
for about each three acres, and for 300 head of population. There are nine polices
stations. There are 63 European, 261 Tonkinese, and 449 Chinese police for the French*!
Settlement, or about one constable for every 225 inhabitants. As the natives have to bes
tried by their own authorities, and bribery and obstruction have to be contended)
against, and there is a want of the facilities found elsewhere, the difficulties r*"
organizing and efficiently working such a small force are considerable.
The following table shows the population and Municipal Revenue of the Settlement^
exclusive of the French, for the past six quinquennial periods:—
Year
1895
1900
1905
1910
1915
1920
1921
1922
Foreigners
4,684
6,774
11,497
13,526
18,519
2.3,307
24,000
30,794
Natives
240,995
345,276
452,716
488,005
620,401
759,839
780,000
814,000
Ordinary Income
Tls. 482,603
„ 1,045,177
„ 1,780,415
„ 2,555,056
„ 3,051,017
„ 4,823,483
„ 5,967,040
„ 6,391,200
The climate of Shanghai is generally allowed to be fairly healthy. The highes:
recorded number of deaths from cholera among foreigners was 32 in 1890. Of these
11 were amongst residents. With the exception of the year 1912, when there were 1