Languages & literature > Abridgement of lectures on rhetoric

94- ORfGIN AND NATURE OF, &C.
Where it is obvious, that the cup and gold arl
put For the liquor, contained in'the golden cup. The
name of a country is often ufed to fignify its inhabit¬
ants. To pray For the aififtance of Heaven is the famd
•with praying for the afliftance of God, who is in Heaw-
en. The relation between a fign and the thing fignifl-
ed is another fource of tropes. Thus,
Cedant arma tog* ; conccdat laurea linguae.
Here the “ toga,” which is the badge of the civil
profeffions, and the “ laurel,” that of military honors,
are each of them put for the civil and military charact¬
ers themfelves. f Tropes, founded on thefe feveral rela¬
tions of caufe and effeCt, container and contained, fign
and thing fignified, are called by the name of me-
tonomy. y
/ When a trope is founded on the relation between
an antecedent and its confequent, it is called ametalep-
fis jjas in the Roman phfafe, “fuit,” or “vixit,” to
fignify that one was dead. “ Fuit Ilium et ingens glo-
“ ria Teucrum” expreffes that the glory of Troy is
no more.
/ When the whole is put for a part, or a part for tire
whole ; a genus for a fpecies, or a fpecies for a genus;
the fingular number for the plural, or tire plural for
the fingular; in general, when any tiring lefs, or
any thing more, is put for the precife objeft meant;