Education > Complete treatise on practical arithmetic and book-keeping

14.
REDUCTION.
number, if tbe reduction be descending'; blit divide if ascend¬
ing, and the product or quotient will be the value in the
ether name.
Note 1. When there are names between the proposed and required
ones, it is best to reduce the proposed to the next less or greater
name, and this to the next less or greater again, and so on, till yota
have reduced it to the name required.
2. When, in reduction descending, the proposed is a compound number
you must add, or take in the small numbers in the names below the
greatest, to the same names as you proceed in the reduction.
3. When, in reduction ascending, you have any remainders after divid¬
ing, they will have the same names as their respective dividends, and
may be placed after the last quotient, according to the order, of their
names', the greatest first; so shall the compound number, thus form-
•d, be the answer,
" OF MONEY.
Farthings | Pence
Note 1. This and
the following tables
jre to be understood
thus: The words at
top are the names of
all the numbers straight below them; and all the numbers upon the
same line, from left to right, are Of equal value: thus, in the last line
of this table, 960 farthings, 240 pence, 20 shillings, and 1 pound, are
all equal to each other.
2. t denotes pounds, s shillings, and d denotes pence.
3. J denotes 1 farthing, or one quarter of any thing,
i - - a halfpenny, or a half of any thing.
i - - 3 farthings, or 3 quarters of any thing.
4. The full weight and value of our gold and silver coin is as here
below.
4 | 1 | Shillings 'I
48 | 12 | 1 | Pound I
960 | 240 [ 20 | 1 |
Gold.
A guinea
Half-guinea
Quarter-guinea
Value. Weight. || Silver. Value.
1 s d dwt gr ] s d
1 1 0 5 9i J! A crown 5 0
0 10 6 2 16|» Half-crown 2 C
0 5 3 1 6| || Shilling 1 0
|[ Sixpence 0 6
Weight.
19
9 16£
3 21
1
The value of gold is nearly 4/ an ounce, or 2d a grain; and silver
is nearly 5s an ounce.- Also any quantity of gold, is to the same
weight of standard silver, in the proportion of 15 and l-14th to 1, or
nearly 15 to 1.