Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland

CLUNY
CLYDE
parish of Cluny. In order to equalize the exchange,
as far as possible, Cluny received an additional portion
of Hidmar, which was taken from the north-east corner
of the latter parish. Much of the southern boundary
is traced by Kinnernie Burn ; of the northern, by Tor
Burn, which from the interior receives the Burn of
Cluny, with its affluents, the Douglas, Corsindae, and
Linton rivulets. The drainage belongs thus partly to
the Dee, but chiefly to the Don. The surface sinks on
the Tor Burn to 260 feet above sea-level, and over the
eastern half of the parish nowhere much exceeds 600
feet ; westward it rises to Black Hill (608 feet) and
Green Hill (1607), which culminates right upon the
Midmar border. Granite is the prevailing rock ; and
the soils vary from deep yellowish loam along the
streams to light, dry, moorish earth on the hill slopes.
A large area is under wood, the plantations of Scotch
hrs and larch ranging in age from 20 to 100 years, and
in extent from 1 to 900 acres. Antiquities are three
Caledonian circles, five standing-stones, and, in the
western half of the parish, the ruins of Tilliecairn Castle,
once held by Matthew Lumsden, who died in 1580, and
who was author of A Genealogical History of the House
of Forbes. Cluny Castle, rebuilt (1840-72) on the site
of the 15th century stronghold of a Huntly Gordon,
stands 1 J mile S of Monymusk station, and is a stately
castellated pile of grey granite, with central quadrangle,
high parapets and corner turrets, a richly decorated
oratory, and a pinetum comprising 400 varieties. Its
owner, the widow of John Gordon, Esq. of Cluny (1822-
78), who held 20,395 acres in the shire, valued at
£13,714 per annum, in 1830 married Sir Beginald Cath-
cart, Bart, of Killochan. (See also Belchester. )
Other mansions are Castle Fkaser and Linton House,
the latter 3 miles SSE of Monymusk station ; and in all
4 proprietors hold each an annual value of more, and 6
of less, than £100. Cluny is in the presbytery of Kin-
cardine O'Neil and synod of Aberdeen ; the living is
worth £190. The parish church is a plain old building; ■
and there is a Free church near Linton House. Three
schools — Cluny public and Free Church, and Corennie
(Lady Gordon Cathcart's female) — with respective accom-
modation for 153, 96, and 64 children, had (1891) an
average attendance of 74, 67, and 57, and grants of
£67, 14s. 6d., £60, and £49, 17s. 6d. Valuation
£7526, 13s. 9d. Pop. (1801) 821, (1841) 959, (1861)
1254, (1871) 1366, (1881) 1298, (1891) 1217.— On*. Sur.,
sh. 76, 1874.
Cluny, a village in Auchterderran parish, Fife, 1 mile
E of Cardenden station, and 4 miles NW of Kirkcaldy.
Extensive collieries are in its eastern vicinity.
Cluny Castle, a mansion in Laggan parish, Inverness-
shire, on the left bank of the Spey, 8| miles WSW of
Kingussie, by the road thence to Loch Laggan. It is
the seat of the chiefs of the Clan Macpherson, a line re-
markable for its loyalty to the house of Stewart, in the
persons of Queen Mary, Charles I., the Old Chevalier,
and Prince Charles Edward. The Cluny Macpherson at
the time of the '45 distinguished himself at Clifton and
Falkirk, and for nine years after led the life of a fugitive
on his own estate, £1000 being set upon his head, and
his house being plundered and burned. In the present
castle — a massive turreted, two-storied, granite edifice —
are various relics of the rebellion, as the target, lace
wrist-ruffles, and an autograph letter of the Prince.
There is also the black pipe chanter, on which depends
the welfare of the house of Cluny, and which all true
members of the Clan Vuirich believe to have fallen from
heaven in place of that lost at the conflict on the North
Inch of Perth. Cluny Castle was visited by the Queen
and the late Prince Consort, from Ardverikie, in 1847.
Its owner, Col. Ewen H. D. Macpherson of Cluny Mac-
pherson, holds 42,000 acres in the shire, valued at £4251
per annum.— Orel. Sur., shs. 63, 64, 1873-74.
Cluny, Hill of. See Forres.
Cluny or Cluonie, Loch. See Clttnie.
Clyde (Celt, clwyd, 'strong ;' the Glota of Ptolemy),
a river and a firth of western Scotland, and one of the
chief commercial highways of the world. As to where
river ends and firth begins, authorities differ. At Glas-
gow, say some ; at Dumbarton, more ; and not until
Gourock, according to Sir John Hawkshaw : where it
seems best to side with the majority. Another moot
point is as to the Clyde's true source. Little Clydes
Burn, its commonly reputed head-stream, rises in Craw-
ford parish, S Lanarkshire, 3J miles NW by N of the
meeting-point of Lanark, Peebles, and Dumfries shires,
at 1550 feet above sea-level, between Pin Stane (1695
feet) and Clyde Law (1789), and within f mile of head-
streams of the Annan and the Tweed. So that, accord-
ing to the time-honoured rhyme —
' Annan, Tweed, and Clyde
Rise a' out o' ae hill-side ;
Tweed ran, Annan wan,
Clyde fell, and broke its neck owre Corra Linn.
Thence it runs 4J miles W by S, falling into the Clyde
proper 3f miles SSE of Crawford village. The ' Clyde
proper,' we say, inasmuch as the Clyde's real source,
must rather be looked for in Daer Water, which rises in
the extreme S of the parish of Crawford and of the shire
of Lanark, at 1600 feet above sea-level, on the NE slope
of Gana Hill (2190 feet), within \ mile of the Dumfries-
shire border and of a sub-affluent of the Annan. It
flows thence 10J miles northward to a confluence with
Potrail or Powtrail Water, which, also rising in Crawford
parish, and also close to the Dumfriesshire boundary,
has a north-north-easterly course of 7 miles ; and their
united waters from this point onward are called, in the
Ordnance Maps, the River Clyde.
The river Clyde has a total length, if one follows its
windings, of 106 miles, viz., 17J from the head of Daer
Water to its union with the Powtrail, 7 thence to Craw-
ford, 36§ from Crawford to Lanark Bridge, 14J from
Lanark to Hamilton Bridge, 2| from Hamilton to Both-
well Brig, 14 from Bothwell to Glasgow Bridge, 10 from
Glasgow to Old Kilpatrick, and 4 from Old Kilpatrick
to Dumbarton. Its drainage area has been estimated at
1481 square miles, of which 39 belong to the South
Calder, 50 to the North Calder, 22 to the Rotten Calder,
127 to the Kelvin, 93 to the White Cart, 107 to the
Black Cart, and 305 to the Leven. Excepting for an
eastward bend near Biggar, round the eastern base of
Tinto, the Clyde at first takes an almost due northerly
course to the near vicinity of Carnwath, receiving, on
the left hand, Elvan Water, Glengonner Water, Dun-
eaton Water, Roberton Burn, and Garf Water ; on the
right, Little Clydes Burn, Midlock Water, Camps Water,
and Medwyn Water. Along its left bank lie the parishes
of Crawford, Crawfordjohn, Wiston-Roberton, Syming-
ton, Covington, and Pettinain ; along its right, of
Crawford, Lamington-Wandel, Culter, Biggar, and
Liberton. Next it winds west- by-southward, south-
westward, and north-westward to Lanark, receiving
Douglas Water on the left, at the point where it makes
its sharp north-westward bend ; forming above Lanark
the famous falls of Bonnington, Corra, and Dundaff
Linns ; and having Pettinain, Carmichael, and Lesma-
hagow parishes on the left, Carnwath, Carstairs, and
Lanark on the right. From Stonebyres Linn, below
Lanark, the last of its four falls, it sweeps north-west-
ward to Hamilton, and on to Bothwell and Uddingston,
along the 'Trough of the Clyde,' its principal affluents
here being the Nethan and the Avon to the left, Mouse
Water and the South and North Calders to the right,
whilst parishes on the left hand are Lesmahagow, Dal-
serf, Hamilton, and Blantyre, and on the right hand
Lanark, Carluke, Cambusnethan, Dalziel, and Bothwell
From just below Uddingston to Rutherglen its course
lies almost due W, with Cambuslang and Rutherglen
parishes on the left, Old Monkland, Shettleston, and
Calton on the right, and the Rotten Calder on the left
being its principal tributary. Lastly, from Rutherglen
to Dumbarton it resumes a north-westerly course,
Govan, Renfrew, Inchinnan, and Erskine parishes lying
to the left, Glasgow, Mary hill, Renfrew, New and Old
Kilpatrick, and Dumbarton to the right, whilst on the
left hand it receives the confluent White and Black Cart,
269