Imperial gazeteer of Scotland, or, Dictionary of Scottish topography > Volume 1

INTEODUCTION.
per cent.
In Grass and Hay under") .„ KQ „
rotation, . . j-«*oab
Oats, . . . 26-3904
Turnips, . . 12-989
per cent
Wheat, 6-696
Barley, 4-954
Potatoes, 4-249
per cent.
Beans, Pease, and Vetches, 1-738
Mangold Wurzel, & Rape, >
Flax and Turnip Seed, j 02b
Summer Fallow, . 056
81-9754 15-899
Besides carrots, cabbage, and other vegetables, grains, or roots.
Total.
81-9754
15-899
1-820
1-820 99-6944
MANUFACTURES.
For a number of years past, the condition of the cotton, woollen, flax, and silk factories of
Scotland has been the subject of regular half-yearly reports by a government inspector; so
that any person who desires to have an intimate view of their extent, progress, fluctuation,
and economy may obtain it by examining a series of those reports. We can afford to note
only the most important general facts, and to note even these in only the briefest terms.
In 1835, the total number of factories was 425, with 17,721 power-looms ; in 1838, it was
492, with 9,734 horse-power in steam, and 5,421 in water ; in 1850, it was 550, with 13,857
horse-power in steam, and 6,004 horse-power in water; and in 1856, it was 530, with 19,699
horse-power. In 1838, there were 192 cotton factories, with 8,340 horse-power, and 35,576
workers, — 112 woollen factories, with 1,823 horse-power, and 5,076 workers, — 183 flax
factories, with 4,845^ horse-power, and 17,897 workers, — and 5 silk factories, with 148 horse-
power, and 763 workers. In 1850, there were 168 cotton factories, with 1,683,093 spindles,
23,564 power-looms, and 36,325 workers, — 182 woollen factories, with 224,129 spindles,
247 power-looms, and 9,464 workers, — 188 flax factories, with 303,125 spindles, 2,529
power-looms, and 28,312 workers, — and 5 silk factories, with 36,652 spindles, and 841
workers. In 1856, there were 152 cotton factories, with 9,971 horse-power, 21,624 power-
looms, and 34,698 workers, — 204 woollen factories, with 3,260 horse-power, 800 power-
looms, and 10,175 workers, — 168 flax factories, with 6,346 horse-power, 4,011 power-
looms, and 31,722 workers, — and 6 silk factories, with 122 horse-power, and 837 workers.
No similar statistics have been obtained since 1856.
Of the 192 cotton factories which were in operation in 1838, 107 with 4,146 horse-power
were in Lanarkshire, 58 with 1,921 in Eenfrewshire, 7 with 554 in Perthshire, 4 with 617
in Aberdeenshire, 4 with 338 in Ayrshire, 4 with 417 in Dumbartonshire, 3 with 130 in
Stirlingshire, 2 with 70 in Buteshire, 1 with 58 in Dumfries-shire, 1 with 55 in Kirkcud-
brightshire, and 1 with 34 in Linlithgowshire. Of the 112 woollen factories, 24 with 285
horse-power were in Clackmannanshire, 18 with 249-| in Ayrshire, 17 with 310 in Boxburgh-
shire, 15 with 199 in Selkirkshire, 7 with 292 in Aberdeenshire, 7 with 99 in Perthshire, 7
with 115 in Stirlingshire, 3 with 60 in Dumfries-shire, 3 with 101 in Lanarkshire, 2 with 24
in Kirkcudbrightshire, 2 with 26 in Eenfrewshire, 1 with 16 in Berwickshire, 1 with 6 in
Edinburghshire, 1 with 91 in Fifeshire, 1 with 7 in Forfarshire, 1 with 4 in Kincardineshire,
1 with 8 in Linlithgowshire, and 1 with 12 in Wigtonshire. Of the 183 flax factories, 96
with 2,376 horse-power were in Forfarshire, 46 with 989 in Fifeshire, 13 with 238 in Perth-
shire, 8 with 60j? in Kincardineshire, 7 with 244 in Edinburghshire, 4 with 628 in Aberdeen-
shire, 3 with 46 in Ayrshire, 3 with 192 in Eenfrewshire, 2 with 40 in Lanarkshire, and 1
with 32 in Linlithgowshire. And of the 5 silk factories, 3 with 106 horse-power were in
Lanarkshire, 1 with 30 in Eenfrewshire, and 1 with 12 in Edinburghshire.
An important act of parliament was passed in 1833, regulating labour in factories, and
enforcing care for the education of children-workers. The last report on Scotland
for 1853 says on the latter subject, — " The factories in which children have hitherto
been employed reckon among their number some of the most important works in Scotland ;
and the owners of such factories, so far from considering their schools a trouble, take the
greatest pride and pleasure in showing them ; for while they profit by the labours of the
children, they do not forget that they have a duty to perform in return, not by carrying out
the requirements of the act as if it were intended to be a mere matter of form, but by appoint-
ing efficient teachers, furnishing them with the means of imparting the instruction so necessary
to the welfare of the children in after-life, and by taking care that it is done. Such is the
character of most of the factory schools maintained in the larger class of works in which
children have hitherto been employed in Scotland; and in most of them the adults have the