Topographical, statistical, and historical gazetteer of Scotland > Volume 1

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CAM
CAMILLA (Loch). See Auchtertool.
CAMISENDUN. See Durness.
CAMLACHIE, a suburb of Glasgow, in the Ba-
ron}' parish of Glasgow; about 1^ mile east of the
cross, on the middle road to Edinburgh. Popula-
tion 1,68.5, chief! v weavers.
CAMPBELL"(Castle), a noble relic of feudal
ages, in the parish of Dollar, and in the neighbour-
hood of the village of Dollar, Clackmannanshire.
From a bridge over a small brook which runs through
the village of Dollar, there is a fine view of the ruins
of Castle Campbell, situated on the top of a round
insulated mound, which seems to have been partly
formed by the hand of Nature, and partly finished
by art. On each side is a deep ravine or glen,
clothed in thick wood, and down which run streams
that unite immediately below the castle and form
a considerable brook. The mound on which the
castle stands is nearly perpendicular on the side next
Dollar, and was formerly disjoined from the sur-
rounding hills by a ditch shelving down to the bot-
tom of the glen on each side, which rendered the
castle inaccessible except by means of a draw-
bridge ; so that it was a place of very great strength.
Though the castle stands upon an eminence, it is
surrounded on all sides by higher hills, many of
which are wooded to their summits, which gives to
the whole scenery a very picturesque, but, in certain
states of the weather and sky, a somewhat gloomy
effect. The buildings still existing form a quad-
rangle. It is not known when or by whom this
venerable pile of building was erected. It was for-
merly called the Gloume, or the Castle of Gloom,
and the Celtic names of the two brooks which en-
circle it are supposed by some to signify the burns
of Care and of Sorrow. About the year 149-3 —
when it probably first came into the possession of
the noble family of Argyle, whose property, how-
ever, it no longer is — it was called Castle Campbell,
by which name it has ever since been known. This
castle, with the whole territory belonging to the
family of Argyle, suffered by the calamities of civil
war in 1645; for the Marquis of Montrose, the
enemy and rival of the house of Argyle — or rather
his fierce allies the Macleans and Ogilvies — carried
fire and sword through the whole estate. During
this commotion the castle was destroyed, and its
magnificent ruins only now remain a sad monument
of the miseries of civil w r ar.
CAMPBELLTON. a parish in Argyleshire, form-
ing, with the parish of Southend, the southern ex-
tremity of the peninsula of Kintyre. Its length is
computed at 13 miles, and its breadth varies from
6 to 12 miles. Its superficial area is about 43,750
acres. It is narrowed in the middle by the bay of
Machrihanish, or Machirhanish on one side, and the
loch of ICilkerran, or harbour of Campbellton, on
the other. This bay runs inland a considerable way,
leaving between the two oceans on the east and west
a large plain of 4 miles in length, by 3 in breadth, and
not 40 feet above the level of the sea. From this
plain both ends of the parish gradually rise into hills,
which attain the height of 1,200 feet. Bear, bar-
ley, and potatoes, are the principal crops. There is
abundance of coal at Dalvaddy, a village at the dis-
tance of 3 miles from the town of Campbellton, on
the road to Machrihanish bay ; and a canal has
been cut to convey it to the town ; but it is of an
inferior quality, and the common fuel of the poorer
classes is still peat or turf. Porphyry, and fuller's
earth or soap-rock, exist in this parish. Popula-
tion, in 1801, 7,003; in 1S31, 9,472. Assessed
property of parish and burgh, in 1815, .£2,800.
. — This parish is in the presbytery of Kintyre, and
synod of Argyle. It consists of four original par-
ishes united: viz., Kilkerran, Kilkivan, Kilchonehan,
and Kihnichael. The charge is collegiate; and there
are two parish-churches both situated in the town
of Campbellton ; in one of which, accommodating
1,528 persons, Gaelic is always preached; and in the
other, seating 1,083, English. The two ministers
officiate in the two churches, talcing the forenoon
and afternoon alternately. The Duke of Argyle is
patron of both livings. The stipend of each minis-
ter is .£146 15s. lid. ; but the annual value of the
glebe, belonging to the 1st charge, is £89 ; that of
the second £26 10s A United Secession church
was opened in the town of Campbellton in 1833;
sittings 630. Stipend £100. — An Independent
chapel, seating 300, was opened in 1829. Stipend
about £50. — A Relief congregation was established
in 1767. In 1835 this congregation split into two;
and a lawsuit as to the occupancy of the church
■ — which is a large and handsome one, seating 1 ,500
— was begun, which terminated in favour of the
party adhering to the Relief body. The stipend
of the minister, previous to the disunion, was
£180. — There is a small Roman Catholic congre-
gation ; also a Baptist and a Methodist congrega-
tion The salary of the burgh and parochial school-
master is £34 4s. 4^d., with about £140 fees, and
a house, and garden valued at £20. The aver-
age number of his pupils is 110. He is elected by
the magistrates and town-council of the burgh of
Campbellton. In 1834 there were 22 private schools
within the parish, of which 13 were in the burgh
and suburbs. — The chapels of St. Chouslan and St.
Caomhghin, though in ruins, are in tolerable pre-
servation, and the ground about them is still sacred
to sepulture ; but the chapel of St. Michael is com-
pletely demolished. Along the coast are the re-
mains of a number of forts, supposed to be Danish.
The royal burgh of Campbeli,ton, in the above
parish, was originally a small fishing- village ; but
through the interest of the Duke of Argyle — the
principal proprietor of the town and surrounding
country — was erected into a royal burgh in 1700.
The charter recites the statute 15° James VI., c.
267, by which it was statute and ordained, "for the
better entertaining and continuing of civility and
policy within the Hielandes and lies," " that there be
erected and builded within the bounds thereof, three
burghes and burrowe-towns, in the maist conuenient
and commodious partes meet for the samen ; to wit,
ane in Kintyre, another in Lochaber, and the third
in the Lewis;" — mid gives as reasons for the erec-
tion that Inverary, distant about 60 miles, was then
the only royal burgh in Argyleshire ; that the burgh
of Campbellton was a very fit and convenient place
to be erected into a royal burgh ; and that the Earl
of Argyle, to whom the same belonged in fee, was
anxious for the erection. The boundaries of the
burgh, under said charter, are the loch of Campbell-
ton, formerly called the loch of Kilkerran, on the
east ; the lands of Kilkerran and Corshill on the
south ; the lands of Moy on the west ; and the lands
of Ballingregan and Drumore on the north. The
royalty of the burgh lies within the above bounds,
and still belongs wholly in property to the Duke of
Argyle, with the exception of certain feus held
under him, and granted previous to the charter. It is
stated that there have been no feus granted since the
date of the charter. The late Duke and his predeces-
sors were formerly in the practice of granting build-
ing leases to the inhabitants for the term of three or
four nineteen years ; but latterly it has been con-
sidered that such leases are precluded by the terms
of the Argyle entail. Accordingly, since 1828, no
leases have been granted for a longer period than
nineteen years; and it is stated, that even when