Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland

NEWHOLME
elsewhere it rises westward to 403 feet near Craibstone
House, 604 near Kingswells manse, 578 at Cloghill, and
870 at Brimmond Hill. Granite is the prevailing rook,
and is extensively quarried, both for home use and for
exportation. The soil, in the low level tract, is a deep
rich mould; elsewhere is mostly black, light, shallow,
and spongy. Nearly one-ninth of the entire area is pas-
toral or waste: 400 acres are under wood; and the rest
of the land is in tillage. Antiquities are a large cairn,
several tumuli, remains of a Caledonian stone circle, and
vestiges of an old chapel; whilst a chief curiosity is a
cavern in a ravine of Elrickhill, supposed by the vulgar
to penetrate for miles under ground, and celebrated in
legend as the retreat of a noted robber and his gang.
The granite quarries and extensive paper works employ
a large number of the population. Oldmill Reformatory
(1857), near the eastern border, 2J miles W of Aberdeen,
is a large building, occupied by about 100 boys. A
cottage home for convalescents, with accommodation for
from 12 to 15 patients, was opened in 1882. Mansions
are Cloghill, Craibstone, Fairley, Hazlehead, Kingswells,
Springhill, Stoneywood, and Waterton. Giving off a
portion to Craigiebuckler quoad sacra parish, Newhills
is in the presbytery and synod of Aberdeen ; the living is
worth £739. The parish church, 1J mile W by S of
Auchmill, is a good building of 1830. Other places of
worship areStoneywoodEstablished chapel of ease(1879),
Newhills Free church at Auchmill, Kingswells Free
church (4 miles W of Aberdeen), and St Machar's Epis-
copal church (1880) at Buxburn. Six public schools —
Blackburn, Buxburn, Keppelhills, Kingswells, Stoney-
wood, and Stoneywood infant — with respective accom-
modation for 116, 480, 95, 140, 329, and 120 children,
have an average attendance of about 85, 385, 50, 60,
145, and 80, and grants amounting to nearly £80, £375,
£45, £60, £170, and £60. Pop. of civil parish (1801)
1305, (1831) 2552, (1861) 3463, (1871) 4210, (1881) 5480,
(1891) 5526; of ecclesiastical parish, (1891) 5390.— Ord.
Sur., sh. 77, 1873.
Newholme, an estate, with a mansion, in Dolphinton
parish, Lanarkshire, on the left bank of South Medwin
Water, 5 furlongs SE of Dunsyre station on the Dol-
phinton branch of the Caledonian railway. It was the
property and death-place of the distinguished Cove-
nanter, Major Learmont (1595-1683), who commanded
the Covenanter horsemen at the battle of Rullion Green.
For upwards of thirty years the estate has belonged
to the Lockharts of Lee. — Ord. Sur., sh. 24, 1864.
Newington. See Edinburgh.
Newington, a village in Holywood parish, Dumfries-
shire, 3J miles NNW of Dumfries.
Newington, a mansion in Kilmany parish, Fife, 4
miles NNW of Cupar.
New Keith. See Keith.
New Kilpatrick. See Kilpateiok, New.
New Lanark. See Lanark, New.
Newlands, a village in St Ninians parish, Stirling-
shire, near Bannockburn.
Newlands, a parish of N Peeblesshire, containing the
hamlet of Romanno Bridge, 3J miles SSE of Linton,
4§ SW of Lamancha station on the Dolphinton branch
of the North British railway, and 19J SSW of Edin-
burgh. Within it also are Lamancha station and
Mountain Cross post office, with money order, savings
bank, and telegraph departments, whilst Leadburn
and Macbie Hill stations lie just beyond its northern
and north-western borders. It is bounded N by Peni-
cuik in Edinburghshire, E by Eddleston, SE by Lyne,
S by Stobo, SW by Kirkurd, and NW by Linton. Its
utmost length, from NNE to SSW, is 9§ miles; its
breadth varies between \ mile (at Leadburn) and 5|
miles; and its area is 12,5601 acres, of which 42J are
water. The drainage of the northern extremity is
carried by Lead Burn to the North Esk, but elsewhere
belongs to the Tweed, as Lyne Water winds 6| miles
south-by-eastward, partly along the Linton and Stobo
boundaries, but mainly through the interior. During
this course it is joined by Dead Burn, flowing 3 miles
south-south-westward ; Flemington Burn, 4J miles I
1238
NEWMAINS
south-westward; and Tarth Water, 2| miles south-
eastward along the Kirkurd and Stobo boundary. In
the extreme S the surface sinks to 670 feet above sea-
level, thence rising to 1234 feet at Drochil Hill, 1221
at Woodhill, 1453 at Drum Maw, and 1570 at Wether
Law, from which again it gradually declines to 862 feet
at Leadburn station. The rocks in the hills are mainly
eruptive; in the upper part of the vale are carboni-
ferous. Sandstone of excellent quality has been largely
worked to the W of Lyne Water, as also has limestone
on Macbie Hill estate. Common black bituminous coal
exists in the upper part of the vale, and fairly rich iron
ore occurs in fissures of the higher grounds. There are
several chalybeate springs; and artificial ponds are at
Whim, Lamancha, and Macbie Hill. The soil of the
arable lands is chiefly a clayey loam, incumbent on
close stiff till. Nearly one-third of the entire area is
regularly or occasionally in tillage; some 350 acres are
under wood; and the rest of the land is chiefly dis-
posed in pasture. Antiquities other than Drochil
Castle are the Romanno Terrace and remains of cir-
cumvallations, popularly called 'Rings,' on Hender-
land, Borelands, Drochil, Whiteside, and Pendreich
Hills. The poet, Dr Alexander Pennicuik (1652-1722),
was proprietor of Romanno; the Rev. Charles Findlater
(1758-1838), author of the View of the Agriculture of
Peeblesshire, was 48 years minister; and Lord Chief
Baron Montgomery (1721-1803) was born at Macbie
Hill. Mansions, noticed separately, are Boreland,
Callends, Halmyre, Lamancha, Macbie Hill, Ro-
manno, and Whim. Newlands is in the presbytery of
Peebles and the synod of Lothian and Tweeddale; the
living is worth £330. The parish church, near the left
bank of Lyne Water, 7 furlongs S of Romanno Bridge,
is an edifice of 1838. A little way lower down is the
beautiful ruin of its ancient predecessor, roofless and ivy-
clad, with First Pointed E window and round-headed
S doorway. The old graveyard is still in use, and con-
tains a headstone to R. Howeiston (1767-1870). Near
Boreland, close to the Linton border, is a U.P. church;
and two public schools, Lamancha and Newlands, with
respective accommodation for 67 and 90 children, have
an average attendance of about 40 and 55, and grants
of nearly £45 and £65. Pop. (1801) 950, (1831) 1078,
(1861) 987, (1871) 851, (1881) 819, (1891) 715.— Ord.
Sur., sh. 24, 1864.
Newlaw, a hill in Rerwick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire,
1J mile NW of Dundrennan, and 3J miles ESE of Kirk-
cudbright. It has an altitude of 599 feet above sea-level,
and commands a very extensive and magnificent view
of the Kirkcudbrightshire seaboard and the Irish Sea,
horizoned by the Isle of Man and the Irish Mountains
of Mourne. — Ord. Sur., sh. 5, 1857.
Newliston, an estate, with a mansion, in Kirkliston
parish, Linlithgowshire, 1J mile SW of Kirkliston
station on the Dalmeny and Ratho section of the North
British railway. It was the property and favourite
residence of the celebrated soldier, John, second Earl of
Stair (1679-1747); and the plantations in its grounds
are said to have been so planted as to represent the
British array on the eve of the battle of Dettingen.
The present mansion, built about 1794 from designs by
William Adam, is the seat of Thomas Alexander Hog.
Esq. (b. 1835; sue. 1858), his ancestor having bought
the estate about the middle of the 18th century.— Ord.
Sur., sh. 32, 1857. See John Small's Castles and Man-
sions of the Lothians (E.dinb. 1883).
New Luce. See Luce, New.
New Machar. See Machar, New.
Newmains, a small town in Cambusnethan parish,
Lanarkshire, on the cross-railway from Morningside to
Holytown, 2 miles ENE of Wishaw, and 6 by railway
SE of Holytown. The town, including the Coltness
Ironworks, is supplied with gas by a company, and
provided with an excellent water-supply. The streets
are regularly formed, and the place has a neat appear-
ance. Standing amid a rich mineral tract, and inha-
bited chiefly by miners and ironworkers, it has a post
office, with money order, savings bank, and telegraph