Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland

CRAMOND BRIDGE
towei - to the N'W is the only remains of a 15th century
palace of the bishops of Dunkeld. Its present owners
are the trustees of Lieut. -Col. John Cornelius Craigie-
Halkett (successor of the Inglises), who held 637 acres
in Midlothian, valued at £2520 per annum. Other
mansions are Baenton, Braehead, Broomfield, Craig-
crook, Drylaw, Lauriston, Muirhouse, Cammo or
New Saughton, and Silverknowes; and 10 proprietors
hold each an annual value of £500 and upwards, 7 of
between £100 and £500, 7 of from £50 to £100, and 23
of from £20 to £50. Cramond is in the presbytery of
Edinburgh and synod of Lothian and Tweeddale; the
living is worth £356. The cruciform parish church,
originally dedicated to St Columba, was rebuilt in 1656,
and, as enlarged in 1701 and 1811, contains 958 sittings.
Other places of worship are noticed under Granton and
Davidson's Mains, and four public schools — Cramond,
Davidson's Mains and female, Granton mixed and in-
fant, and Lennie — with respective accommodation for
164, 245, 300, and 53 children, had (1895) an average
attendance of 58, 175, 274, and 43, and grants of £58,
12s., £180, 6s. 6d., £241, 18s. 9d., and £42, 10s. 6d.
Valuation £38,606, of which £983 belonged to the Lin-
lithgowshire section, and £3600 was for railways, water-
works, etc. Pop. (1S01) 1411, (1831) 1984, (1861) 2695,
(1871) 3020, (1S81) 3004, (1891) 3168, of whom 91 be-
longed to Linlithgowshire; of q. s. parish 1819. — Ord.
Sur., sh. 32, 1857. See John P. Wood's Ancient and
Modern State of the Parish of Cramond (Edinb. 1794).
Cramond Bridge, a hamlet in Dalmeny parish (trans-
ferred from Cramond parish in 1S91 by the Boundary
Commissioners), at the boundary between Edinburgh
and Linlithgow shires, on the river Almond, and on the
Queensferry highroad, 5 miles WNW of Edinburgh, and
1J mile SSW of Cramond village. It has a post office,
a good inn, and an eight-arched bridge, erected in 1S23.
It is the terminus of the Barnton railway connecting
near Craigleith station with the capital, and opened in
March 1394. See Braehead.
Cramond Regis. See Barnton.
Crane, a deep triangular lochlet (§ x J furl. ) in Dunsyre
parish, E Lanarkshire, amid the moorish south-western
Pentlands, 1100 feet above sea-level, and 3£ miles NW
of Dunsyre village. It abounds with perch and pike.
Cranloch. See St. Andrews, Elginshire.
Cranshaws, a Lammermuir hamlet and parish in the
N of Berwickshire. The hamlet lies, 676 feet above
sea-level, on the right bank of Whitadder Water, 16
miles SE by E of Haddington, and 9 N-W of Duns,
under which it has a post office.
The parish formerly consisted of two sections, separ-
ated from each other by a strip (f mile broad at the
narrowest) of Longformacus, and the northernmost of
which contained the hamlet. This, with an utmost
length and breadth of 2| and 2| miles, was bounded N
by the Gamelshiel section of Stenton in Haddington-
shire, E and S by Longformacus, and W by Whitting-
hame in Haddingtonshire. The southern and larger
division measured 5 J miles from E to W; had a varying
width, from N to S, of H and 3 J miles; and was bounded
NW, N, and E by Longformacus, S by Greenlaw and
Westruther, and SW by Lauder. The Scarlaw detached
portion of the parish was, in 1891, transferred by the
Boundary Commissioners to the parish of Longformacus,
while the portion of Longformacus north of the river
"Whitadder was transferred to Cranshaws parish. The
Whitadder runs across the parish and along its SE
boundary. The highest points are Cranshaws Hill
(1245 feet) and Manslaughter Law (13S1). The surface
of the lower division rises from less than 70C feet above
sea-level to 1298 on Dunside Hill and 1522 on Blyth
Edge. The rocks are Silurian: and much of the soil is
poor, the arable land along the streams amounting to
only some 900 acres. A tumulus crowns Manslaughter
Law, which is said to have got its name from the battle
fought in 1402 between Hepburn of Hailes and the Earl
of Dunbar. The fine old peel tower called Cranshaws
Castle, standing towards the centre of the northern
section, measures 40 by 24 feet, and is 65 feet hi<rh- a
CRATHES CASTLE
former stronghold of the Douglases, and the haunt
of a drudging brownie, it now is a seat of the twenty-
first Earl of Morton, Sholto-George-Watson-Douglas
(b. 1844; sue. 1884), who, holding 2551 acres in the
shire, valued at £1050 per annum, divides this parish
with 2 other landowners. It is in the presbytery of
Duns and synod of Merse and Teviotdale; the living i3
worth £150. The church, at the hamlet, was built in
1739, and contains 120 sittings; whilst a public school,
with accommodation for 55 children, had (1891) an
average attendance of 30, and a grant of £44, 7s. 6d.
Valuation £2492, 16s. Pop. (1801) 166, (1831) 136,
(1861) 134, (1871) 142, (1881) 106, (1891) 85.— Ord
Sur., sh. 33, 1863.
Cranston, a parish on the NE border of Edinburgh-
shire, containing the villages of Cousland, Edgeheud,
and Ford, the last being 4 mile W by N of Pathhead,
and 44; miles ESE of Dalkeith, under which it has a
post office, with money order, savings bank, and tele-
graph departments. Irregular in outline, Cranston is
bounded NW by Inveresk; N by Tranent, and E by
Ormistou and Humbie, in Haddingtonshire ; SW by
Crichton and Borthwick ; and W by Newbattle and
Dalkeith. Its greatest length, from NNW to SSE, is
4J miles; its breadth, from E to W, varies between 3J
furlongs and 3 J miles ; and its area is now 4425 acres, ot
which 2J are water. The Cakemuir detached portion of
the parish (containing 677 acres) was transferred by the
Boundary Commissioners in 1891 to the parish of
Crichton, on whose south-west border it was situated.
Ttne Water, here a very small stream, bisects the
parish north-north-eastward, running chiefly within the
beautiful parks of Oxenfoord and Prestonhall. Where,
below Whitehouse mill, it passes into Ormiston the
surface sinks to 300 feet above sea-level, thence rising
north-westward to 500 feet near Airfield and 637 near
Mutton Hole. The formation belongs to the Carboni-
ferous Limestone series; and sandstone, limestone, and
coal are largely worked, the last in Edgehead and Pres-
tonhall collieries. About 250 acres are under wood; and
nearly all the remaining area is in a state of high culti-
vation. Cranston Dean Bridge, over the Tyne, on the
southern border, with three semicircular arches, each
17 feet in span and 46 high, is a modern structure; as
likewise is Lothian Bridge, also over the Tyne, which,
S2 feet high, has five semicircular arches, each 50 feet
in span, surmounted by ten segment arches of 54 feet in
span and 8 feet of rise. The quaint old manse, near
Prestonhall, the chief and almost sole antiquity, was
demolished fifty or sixty years ago. A hospice formerly,
connected with that of Soutra, it bore the monkish
inscription — 'Diversorium infra, Habitaeulum supra.'
To the Cranston family this parish gave the title of
Baron in the peerage of Scotland from 1609 till the
death of the last and eleventh lord in 1869. The man-
sions are Oxenfoord and Prestonhall, 4 proprietors
holding each an annual value of more, and one of less,
than £500. Cranston is in the presbytery of Dalkeith
and synod' of Lothian and Tweeddale ; the living is
worth £325. The parish church, near Ford, the second
built within this century, is a good Gothic edifice, with
a tower; and at Ford itself is a U.P. church. Two
public schools, Cousland and Cranston, with respective
accommodation for 95 and 116 children, had (1891) an
average attendance of 83 and 107, and grants of £87,
18s. 2d. and £115, 5s. lid. Valuation £9048, including
£19 for a short reach of the Maenierry branch of the
North British. Pop. (1881) 998, (1891) 862.— CM. Sur.,
shs. 32, 33, 1857-63.
Cranstonhill. See Glasgow.
Craspul or Craisaphuill, a loch (4j x 1J furl.) in
Durness parish, NW Sutherland, 1 furlong W of Dur-
ness manse, and J mile NE of Loch Borlay, like which
it is fed by subterraneous tunnels through limestone
rocks, and abounds in excellent trout.
Crathes CastU?, a mansion in Banchory -Ternan parish,
NW Kincardineshire, J mile N of the left bank of the
Dee, and If WNW of Crathes station, this being 14
miles WSW of Aberdeen, and 3 E by N of Banchory. A
301