Gazetteer of Scotland

GAR
CAR
the eaftern border; it has in confe-
quence a great declivity, but aim oft
the whole is arable. The foil, on the
banks of the river, is light and fertile ;
farther up it becomes a rich mellow
clay, excellently adapted for trees ; it
is therefore generally covered with
woods and orchards. In the more
diitant fields, the foil is in general
fhallow and poor, with a bad bottom,
and unproductive. The banks of the
Clyde are famous for fruit ; and in
the parifh of Carluke, apples and pears
are produced in more abundance than
perhaps any other diftrict in Scotland ;
the orchards extend in length 5 miles,
and are fuppofed to comprehend near-
ly 80 acres. There are feveral little
hills or laws, which have had, or ftill
have, cairns of (tones upon them, and
bear marks of great antiquity; Coal
abounds every where, the ftrata of
which are in general thin, not exceed-
ing 26 or 30 inches; freeftone, lime,
and ironftone, are abundant; and me-
tallic calces, and calcareous petrifac-
tions, are fornetimes met with.
The village of Carluke is about 5
meafured miles from Lanark, on the
road leading to Glafgow ; it is a large
and decent village, increasing very ra-
pidly in fize and population, fince the
introduction of the cotton manufac-
ture ; round it the wood lands and
neighbouring fcenery is much admir-
ed. Mauldflie, the elegant feat of the
Earl of Hyndford, is fituated near the
village. There are 3 caftles, which
have a venerable appearance and ro-
mantic fituation, called HalI-Bar,Ha!l-
Craig, and Hal I -Hi 11 ; and the fcite of
an old abbey ftill retains the name of
the Abbey-Steads. The Roman road,
called Watling's-ftreet, (perhaps a
corruption of I'ltellhts'-ftreet), paffes
through the village of Brad wood, which
is fituated in the N. W. corner of the
parilh. This parifh gave birth to Ma-
jor-General William Roy, whofe abi-
lities as a profound mathematician are
well known, and the rev. Dr. Dick,
late minifter of Edinburgh. Popula-
tion in 1 791, 1730.
CARLINWARK VILLAGE.
Vide Castle-Douglas.
Carlinwark (Loch); a lake in
the parifh of Kelton, in the ftewartry
of Kirkcudbright, along the W. fide
of which runs the military road. It
formerly covered 116 acres of land,
but has been drained fo, that only 80
acres are now under water ; it has
been a great fource of improvement
in the neighbourhood, in containing
an inexhauftible fund of iTiell marl ; it
alfo abounds with pike, perches, and
eels.
CARMICHAEL ;, a parifh about 5
miles in length, and from 3 to 4 in,
breadth ; is fituated on the banks of
the Clyde, in the county of Lanark.
The furface is very unequal. In it
there are feveral hills of conliderable
height, covered for the moft part with
fhort heath ; the foil towards the
Clyde is gravelly, in the higher parts
clay and wet. The Earls of Hyndford,
who are the chief proprietors, have en-
clofed and planted a great part of the
parifh. There are both coal and lime-
ftone, of excellent quality, on Lord
Hyndford's lards. Population in
1791, 781. .
CARMUNNOCK ; a parilh in La-
narkfhire ; the extent from E. to W.
is about 4 miles in length, and 3 in
breadth from N. to S. The greater
part is elevated, and commands a moft
extenfive profpecT. ; the foil is partly a
light quick mould, and partly a ftrong
deep clay, which when properly drain-
ed produces excellent crops ; there,
are other grounds alfo, the foil of
which is a fhallow clay, mixed with
fand : this kind of foil is poor, and
will not bear a fuccefhon of crops,,
without being every year nourifhed
with rich manure. Of the whole ex-
tent, which may be nearly 2500 acres,
about 1000 are employed in pafturage;
the reft is generally eneloied. The
river Cart runs along the weftern
boundary with great rapidity ; its
banks are in moft parts covered with
wood, which, together with its mean-
derings, and the rapidity of its cur-
rent, renders the fcenery highly pictu-
refque and romantic. The great road
from Glafgow to England by Muirkirk
and Dumfries, paffes through the eaft-
ern diftrict. In many parts there are
coal and lirneftone, neither of which
has been wrought to any extent ;
there is alfo plenty of ironftone, and
extenfive quarries of freeftone; the
eftate of Cathkin abounds with whin-
ftone, appearing in many places in the
form of regular bafaltic columns of 5
and 7 fides. Many tumuli are to be
met with, and when opened, have ai~